Ecosystem

An ecosystem is a natural unit consisting of organic, inorganic matter and various organisms where different organisms form a way of life by interacting with each other and their surrounded organic and inorganic elements.

Elements of the Ecosystem:

Each ecosystem is basically made up of two elements-

      (A) Inorganic Elements and

      (B) Organic Elements

Inorganic Elements: Inorganic elements include the basic inorganic, organic and physical elements of the environment.

(1) Basic inorganic:

 Oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, calcium, sulfur, phosphorus, amino acids etc. are the basic inorganic elements of the ecosystem. 

(2) Organic:

 Organic compounds such as dead plants and animals, carbohydrates, proteins, fats, etc. These form the link between animate and inanimate elements in the form of biochemical structures.

(3) Physical material:

 It consists of elements related to the climate, topography and soil of a particular region.

A) Climate: This includes light, heat, rainfall, humidity, etc.

B) Geography: This includes the latitude of certain places, the direction of mountains and valleys, slope or steep condition etc.

C) Soil related elements: This includes the soil structure of a particular place, its physical and chemical properties and related details.

Living material:

 This includes all living things present in a particular ecosystem, such as animals, plants, microorganisms, etc. There are three types of living matter, such as Producer, eater and Separator.

(1) Producer:

These are the ecosystems of the ecosystem i.e. the green plants that bind to the solar energy and synthesize complex organic compounds in the form of food in combination with simple inorganic substances.

From small and microscopic phytoplankton, algae, etc., floating plants or small and large terrestrial plants are all productive. 

(2) Eaters:

In the ecosystem, organisms that depend on food produced by producers are called predators.

These are also members of the ecosystem and are known as macro-eater.

There are mainly three classes of eateries in an ecosystem.

A) Primary eater:

Organisms that are completely dependent on the producer for food are called primary eater.

Herbivores are primary eater. Forest insects, deer, rabbits, pond herbivorous arthropods; Primary eater of land cattle, goats etc.

B) Secondary eater:

The eaters who make a living by eating the primary eaters are called secondary eaters.

These are carnivores.

Herbivorous insects of the forest are primary eater but their eater frogs or insect-eating birds are secondary eater.

C) Third or tertiary eater:

Eaters who make a living by eating mainly secondary eaters are called third or tertiary eaters. Such as- snake. The snake eats the secondary eater in the bank. But when the hawk catches the snake and eats it, another eater appears. The hawk is then called the highest eater. However, snakes are the highest eater in the region. Where there is no hawk, the snake is the highest eater, but where there are hawks, the snake is the third or tertiary eater.

(3) Subtract:

A living substance that decomposes or decomposes complex organic compounds in a dead organism's tissue is absorbed by itself and returned to the environment by breaking down the complex compounds of the rest into simple organic compounds.

The simple ingredients produced in this way are used by the producers as raw materials to produce food again.