Bryophyta plant

 

Bryophyta is a division according to conventional taxonomy. Bryophyta is a grade and phylum (division) according to Margulis's classification. According to Wallace, Sanders and Farl's Biology (1997), there are 15,000 species of bryophytes, most of which are terrestrial, some aquatic. Terrestrial species also need water to complete the life cycle, especially fertilization. Hence Bryophyta is known as amphibian plant.

 

Scientist Brown used the name Bryophyta in 184. Plants of the class Bryophyta are called Bryophytes. From Bangladesh, 247 species of 64 genera of 34 genera have been identified. The following common traits exist in all species of bryophytes.

 

Bryophyte features:

1. These are multicellular plants. They are non-flowering and non-flowering.

2. Their bodies are gametophytes or haploids. Gametophytes are always distinct and autotrophic plants.

3. Body thallus means that the body cannot be divided into true roots, stems and leaves, but moss can be identified as ‘soft stems and leaves’.

4. They do not have roots, but have unicellular rhizodes instead of roots, and some species have multicellular scales.

5. They have no vascular tissue in their body. The body is made up of parenchyma tissue.

. Their genitals are multicellular and covered with sterilization.

. Sexual Reproduction ক্ষ Small and active male gametes (sperm) mate with gammatous female gametes (eggs) of gamma nature.

. Their embryos are multicellular, living inside the female genitalia.

9. Sporophytes are completely or partially dependent on gametophytes and are always associated with gametophytes. The resulting spores have the same size and shape i.e. homosporas.

10. Gametophytes are primary and sporophytes are secondary in the life cycle.

 

The name Bryophyta comes from two Greek words. Greek Bryan means moss and phyton means plant. Moss and similar plants belong to the category Bryophyta. The plants of this division are arranged in three classes; Namely: (1) Hepatiki, (2) Anthocyroti and (3) Masai.

Original features of bryophytes: (1) plant haploids, (2) mostly thalloids, (3) they have no true roots, (4) no vascular tissue.

 

Advanced Characteristics of Bryophytes: Colomela located in the capsule of the plant of Anthosaceae, stomata with epidermis, location of the dividing tissue at the base of the capsule. These are the advanced features.

 

Bryophyta amphibians: Many of their members grow in humid terrestrial environments. But without the help of water, reproduction, growth and development do not take place, so they are amphibians. Although born in terrestrial environments, a special stage of their life cycle depends on water. In other words, the presence of water is absolutely necessary for their sexual reproduction. At the end of the life cycle, their sperm swims in the water to reach the ovum and complete fertilization in the presence of water. They also absorb water like aquatic plants and have pores like aquatic plants. This is why bryophytes are called amphibians.